Homeobox
- Domain
- Homeobox
- Group
- Helix-turn-helix
- PFAM
- PF00046
- Desciption
- This entry represents the homeodomain (HD), a protein domain of approximately 60 residues that usually binds DNA. It is encoded by the homeobox sequence [7, 6, 8], which was first identified in a number of Drosophila homeotic and segmentation proteins, but is now known to be well-conserved in many other animals, including vertebrates [1, 2], as well as plants [4], fungi [5] and some species of lower eukaryotes. Many members of this group are transcriptional regulators, some of which operate differential genetic programs along the anterior-posterior axis of animal bodies [3]. This domain folds into a globular structure with three α-helices connected by two short loops that harbour a hydrophobic core. The second and third form a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif, which make intimate contacts with the DNA: while the first helix of this motif helps to stabilise the structure, the second helix binds to DNA via a number of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which occur between specific side chains and the exposed bases and thymine methyl groups within the major groove of the DNA. One particularity of the HTH motif in some of these proteins arises from the stereo-chemical requirement for glycine in the turn which is needed to avoid steric interference of the β-carbon with the main chain: for cro and repressor proteins the glycine appears to be mandatory, while for many of the homeotic and other DNA-binding proteins the requirement is relaxed.
- Rederence
-
- The structure and function of the homeodomain. Scott MP, Tamkun JW, Hartzell GW 3rd. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 989, 25-48, (1989).
- The homeobox in perspective. Gehring WJ. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17, 277-80, (1992).
- Hox proteins: sculpting body parts by activating localized cell death. Alonso CR. Curr. Biol. 12, R776-8, (2002).
- Conserved homeodomain cysteines confer redox sensitivity and influence the DNA binding properties of plant class III HD-Zip proteins. Comelli RN, Gonzalez DH. Arch Biochem Biophys 467, 41-7, (2007).
- The fission yeast homeodomain protein Yox1p binds to MBF and confines MBF-dependent cell-cycle transcription to G1-S via negative feedback. Aligianni S, Lackner DH, Klier S, Rustici G, Wilhelm BT, Marguerat S, Codlin S, Brazma A, de Bruin RA, Bahler J. PLoS Genet. 5, e1000626, (2009).
- A comprehensive classification and evolutionary analysis of plant homeobox genes. Mukherjee K, Brocchieri L, Burglin TR. Mol. Biol. Evol. 26, 2775-94, (2009).
- Homeodomain proteins: an update. Burglin TR, Affolter M. Chromosoma 125, 497-521, (2016).
- Classification and nomenclature of all human homeobox genes. Holland PW, Booth HA, Bruford EA. BMC Biol 5, 47, (2007).
Statistic of Transcription Factors
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Transcription Factor Table
| Gene ID | Insect | Gene Name | Gene Symbol |
|---|---|---|---|
| iTF_00000214 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri013654.1 | unc-4 |
| iTF_00000170 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002113.1 | Msx3 |
| iTF_00000171 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017661.1 | Ubx |
| iTF_00000177 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri015418.1 | CHOX-CAD1 |
| iTF_00000138 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017044.1 | ZFHX4 |
| iTF_00000139 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri006066.1 | ARX |
| iTF_00000140 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri020260.1 | arx |
| iTF_00000141 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri011601.1 | Shox2 |
| iTF_00000142 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri010464.1 | al |
| iTF_00000143 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri005588.1 | Drgx |
| iTF_00000144 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri019994.1 | PRRX2 |
| iTF_00000145 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri020112.1 | B-H1 |
| iTF_00000146 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri015294.1 | pax6 |
| iTF_00000147 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001071.1 | unpg |
| iTF_00000148 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri016715.1 | DRGX |
| iTF_00000149 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri007691.1 | not2 |
| iTF_00000150 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017674.1 | Scr |
| iTF_00000179 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017655.1 | ABD-A |
| iTF_00000151 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri008764.1 | arx |
| iTF_00000152 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri019308.1 | ey |
| iTF_00000153 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017360.1 | lab |
| iTF_00000154 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri021065.1 | Ptx1 |
| iTF_00000155 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri007086.1 | bsh |
| iTF_00000156 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002109.1 | Dr |
| iTF_00000157 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001583.1 | unc-42 |
| iTF_00000158 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001065.1 | MNX1 |
| iTF_00000159 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000971.1 | BARHL1 |
| iTF_00000160 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002242.1 | ems |
| iTF_00000161 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017687.1 | pb |
| iTF_00000162 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001735.1 | meox1 |
| iTF_00000178 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017680.1 | - |
| iTF_00000163 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017678.1 | hoxb3 |
| iTF_00000164 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000834.1 | INV |
| iTF_00000165 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017677.1 | Dfd |
| iTF_00000166 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri005426.1 | gsb-n |
| iTF_00000167 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000835.1 | en |
| iTF_00000168 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000988.1 | eve |
| iTF_00000169 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002097.1 | lbx1 |
| iTF_00000172 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri005428.1 | gsb |
| iTF_00000173 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002064.1 | slou |
| iTF_00000174 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri010035.1 | lhx3 |
| iTF_00000175 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002207.1 | HMX1 |
| iTF_00000176 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri016170.1 | ceh-19 |
| iTF_00000180 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri014855.1 | otx5-b |
| iTF_00000181 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri008506.1 | Gsx1 |
| iTF_00000182 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002104.1 | nkx3-2 |
| iTF_00000183 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri019871.1 | BARHL1 |
| iTF_00000184 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri013963.1 | pha-2 |
| iTF_00000185 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri007217.1 | dbx1a |
| iTF_00000186 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001522.1 | Hlx |
| iTF_00000187 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017671.1 | hoxb7a |
| iTF_00000188 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017702.1 | ro |
| iTF_00000189 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017682.1 | hoxb3 |
| iTF_00000213 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri021325.1 | Gsc |
| iTF_00000190 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri004210.1 | LHX2 |
| iTF_00000191 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri002105.1 | NKX2-5 |
| iTF_00000192 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017650.1 | Abd-B |
| iTF_00000193 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri003420.1 | Awh |
| iTF_00000194 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri018077.1 | SGF3 |
| iTF_00000195 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017679.1 | en1-b |
| iTF_00000196 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001469.1 | - |
| iTF_00000197 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri003521.1 | lmx1b.1 |
| iTF_00000198 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri020812.1 | nub |
| iTF_00000199 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri017681.1 | eve |
| iTF_00000200 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri004317.1 | acj6 |
| iTF_00000201 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri022118.1 | NKX2-6 |
| iTF_00000202 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri012468.1 | POU6F2 |
| iTF_00000203 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri015788.1 | zfh1 |
| iTF_00000204 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000066.1 | ct |
| iTF_00000205 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri005837.1 | ISL1 |
| iTF_00000206 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri019911.1 | exd |
| iTF_00000207 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri006077.1 | Otp |
| iTF_00000208 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri006071.1 | rx1 |
| iTF_00000209 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri012007.1 | dve-1 |
| iTF_00000210 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri015352.1 | PHOX2B |
| iTF_00000211 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri019327.1 | pax6a |
| iTF_00000212 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri014687.1 | six1b |
| iTF_00000215 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri007981.1 | SIX6 |
| iTF_00000216 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri008895.1 | onecut |
| iTF_00000217 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri013959.1 | ceh-9 |
| iTF_00000218 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri001243.1 | VSX2 |
| iTF_00000219 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000279.1 | lhx1 |
| iTF_00000220 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri021711.1 | NKX2-1 |
| iTF_00000221 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri013951.1 | NKX6-2 |
| iTF_00000222 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri000912.1 | Dll |
| iTF_00000223 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri004052.1 | ara |
| iTF_00000224 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri004059.1 | ara |
| iTF_00000225 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri009931.1 | MKX |
| iTF_00000226 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri007232.1 | PKNOX2 |
| iTF_00000227 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri014744.1 | Six4 |
| iTF_00000228 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri010539.1 | TGIF2 |
| iTF_00000229 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri006285.1 | TGIF2 |
| iTF_00000230 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri013957.1 | - |
| iTF_00000231 | Abrostola tripartita | Atri006075.1 | otp |